For many years, the field communication standard for process automation equipment has been a milliamp (mA) analog current signal. The milliamp current signal varies within a range of 4-2OmA in proportion to the process variable being represented. Li typical applications a signal of 4mA will correspond to the lower limit (0%) of the calibrated range and 2OmA will correspond to the upper limit (100%) of the calibrated range. Virtually all installed systems use this international standard for communicating process variable information between process automation equipment.
HART Field Communications Protocol extends this 4- 2OmA standard to enhance communication with smart field instruments. The HART protocol was designed specifically for use with intelligent measurement and control instruments which traditionally communicate using 4-2OmA analog signals. HART preserves the 4- signal and enables two way digital communications to occur without disturbing the integrity of the 4-2OmA signal. Unlike other digital communication technologies, the HART protocol maintains compatibility with existing 4-2OmA systems, and in doing so, provides users with a uniquely backward compatible solution. HART Communication Protocol is well-established as the existing industry standard for digitally enhanced 4- 2OmA field communication.
Showing posts with label Tutorials. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tutorials. Show all posts
Monday, August 16, 2010
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Blues Eyes

Human cognition depends primarily on the ability to perceive, interpret, and integrate audio-visuals and sensoring information. Adding extraordinary perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers to work together with human beings as intimate partners.
Researchers are attempting to add more capabilities to computers that will allow them to interact like humans, recognize human presents, talk, listen, or even guess their feelings. The BLUE EYES technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. It uses non-obtrusige sensing method, employing most modern video cameras and microphones to identifies the users actions through the use of imparted sensory abilities . The machine can understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and even realize his physical or emotional states.
Wednesday, February 3, 2010
Nano Sence

A mystical glow emanates from the display case. A white light appears out of nowhere. And a light source is invisible -- at least at first glance. Only upon close examination does the source of the apparently supernatural illumination become visible: a light diode, smaller than a pinhead, passes through thousands of infinitesimal lens structures measuring only a few hundred nanometers, et voilà: beaming white light.
Saturday, January 30, 2010
Space Optical Communications

In summer 1977, ESA placed the first technological study contract in the domain of intersatellite optical links. Now, twenty years later, a major milestone has been reached with the SILEX laser terminals having been flight tested for integration with their host spacecraft. At the same time, ESA is preparing itself for a new challenge: the potential massive use of optical cross links in satellite constellations for mobile communications and global multimedia services. This is an opportune moment to look back at the past twenty years of ESA effort in laser communications, to take stock of the results achieved and to reflect on ways to face the challenges of the future.
Thursday, January 28, 2010
Wireless Integrated Network Sensors

Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS) now provide a new monitoring and control capability for monitoring the borders of the country. Using this concept we can easily identify a stranger or some terrorists entering the border. The border area is divided into number of nodes. Each node is in contact with each other and with the main node.
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Minor Project
- These things are that thing , which we want to know about . It is basically very simple thing which can be easily understandable to all with the help of circuit diagram and description .You are just behind a click the link given below. If any mistake you find , you can post your comment give below . I will very grateful for your concur .Thank You .
Video Courses by IIT Professor
This video are linked through NPTEL(National Program On Technology Enhanced Learning).
The main objective of NPTEL program is to enhance the quality of engineering education in the country by developing curriculum based video and web courses. This is being carried out by seven IITs and IISc Bangalore as a collaborative project. In the first phase of the project, supplementary content for 129 web courses in engineering/science and humanities have been developed. Each course contains materials that can be covered in depth in 40 or more lecture hours. In addition, 110 courses have been developed in video format, with each course comprising of approximately 40 or more one-hour lectures. In the next phase other premier institutions are also likely to participate in content creation.
Major project
I try at my best level to give you best information about these topic. You can take help to complete your project to just clicking the link given below. You should not totally dependent on this site ,it's just a help from me as a reference .Good Luck to your project.

- Vehicle Monitoring and Security System
- Digital IC Tester
- Train Engines
- Robotic car using 8951 Microcontroller
- Water level indicator / controller
- System for Mobile communications (GSM)
- Circuit Troubleshooting
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- RF UNIT
- DPSK Modulation and Demodulation
- ATmega644 JTAG Debugger
- Ultrasonic Haptic Vision (MP4, MP4, MP4)
- Haptic appointment manager (MP4 lots of wind and construction noise)
- 3D ultrasonic mouse (MP4, MP4, MP4)
- 3D scanner (MP4) (hackedgadgets)
- Gesture Recognition Based on Scratch Inputs (MP4) (uelectronics, )
- LED Sensor Keyboard (MP4 7Mb) (hackaday)
- Touchpad/Infrared Music Synthesizer (MP4)
- Programmable Synthesized Guitar (MP4)
- Der Kapellmeister (MP4)
- IR harp (MP4, MP4)
- Digital Receipts System (hackedgadgets, zedomax, uelectronics, )
- ODB-II Automotive data interface (hackaday, )
- Traction control system
- ACL Research: Foot Acceleration Sensor
- Fart Intensity Detector (MP4) (kitecrazy, hackaday, Popular Science sept09,Dvice, )
- Dual-Channel Mobile Surface Electromyograph (MP4)
- Tissue Impedance Digital Biopsy
- GPS Data Logger with Wireless Trigger (hackaday)
- Self-Adjusting Window Shade
- Weather Canvas (MP4)
- Autonomous Self-parking car (MP4, MP4)
- Holonomic Drive Vehicle with Stochastic Evolution
- Ball Picker Robot (MP4)
- BalanceBot (MP4)
- Snakearm Multiple PID motor controller (with Wiimote!) (MP4)
- Electric Etch (MP4, MP4)
- POV display (MP4) (hackaday)
- POV display
- Alarm clock with speech synthesis
- Blackout game
- ESD Foam Touch Controlled Brick Blaster
- NES emulator (uelectronics, )
- Laser Audio Transmitter
- Voice Tuner
- Wireless music player
- Multisensor Data Transmission
- Heliostat (MP4)
- Wii Conductor
- Musical Blocks
- Tic Tac Toe with CMOS Camera
- Robot Plotter
- PowerBox: smart AC outlet with metering and control
- Rhythm Ring: Interactive Rhythm Sequencer (MP4 video) (youtube andanother)
- Trumpet MIDI Controller (MP4 video) (longer 53 Mbyte MP4 video)
- Air Drums (MP4 video), (MOV video) (youtube)
- Recorder Hero (MP4 video)
- Dueling Banjos (MP4 video)
- Intelligent wireless pedometer
- Networked Biometric Authentication
- Easy Input -head controlled mouse and keyboard interface (MP4 video1,video2)
- Virtual Keyboard (Circuit Cellar Magazine, issue #227, June 2009 page 14-19)
- 3D LED display (MOV video 60 Mbyte) (MP4 video)
- BordFree videogame (MP4 video)
- Haptic glove (MP4 video1, video2)
- High Speed Photography Controller
- 3D Maze in a Box video game (MP4 video)
- 3D Video Game Control (MP4 video)
- Multi-Player Light Cycle on Color TV (MP4 video)
- Gesture-driven Tetris (MP4 video)
- Remote Chess
- Data Acquisition System With Controller Area Network and SD Card
- Automotive On-Board Diagnostics Reader
- Adaptive 60 Hz Noise Cancellation (Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol 185 (2009) pp50–55)
- Neural Net Helicopter (MP4 video)
- Accelerometer Controlled R/C Vehicle (MP4 video)
- Robot Arm (MP4 video)
- Help Quit Smoking Watch
- Electronic Impact Vest (MP4 video) (hacknmod) (Gizmodo)
- TouchSynth (MP4 video)
- TriWheeler robot (MP4 video) (youtube)
- Music Wand: Real-Time Optical Scanning of Sheet Music (MP4 video)
- Teaching an old clock (GE® Model 8116k) new tricks
- Shark Tag Microcontroller Platform
- Ghost Writer Robot (MP4 video)
- Rocket Inertial Navigation System (MP4 video)
- Guitar Tuner (MP4 video) (youtube)
- Scheme Interpreter
- Minigolf video game (MP4 video)
- Battlezone video game
- Laser Simon
- Snake Arm Glove
- Wiimote Crane
- Radio Beacon Finder
- Portable, color, tilt-controlled, video game (pictures 1, 2, 3, 4) (MP4-20MB)
- TouchPad video game (MP4-12MB)
- Laser Pong (mpeg: Bruce and Bryan playing) (blip.tv, gizmodo, ubergizmo,engadget )
- (NEXT no. 5: MINDBLOWERS, Denmark April 2008, (picture of Adrian at show,coverage in Danish newspaper)
- Movement to Music: A Wearable Wireless Motion Sensor system (MP4-17MB)
- Music-controlled Puppet (MP4-21MB)
- Line-following car (mpeg) (YouTube)
- Audio homing robot (hackedgadgets)
- Model retina: color tracker (mpeg)(MP4-23MB)
- Evolving neural robot
- MCU MIDI synthesizer
- AirJam: wearable air guitar (pictures 1, 2) (MP4-23MB)
- USB host controller (obsolete 476 version: USB host controller)
- UDP/Ethernet Controlled Temperature Regulator
- Dynamically reconfigurable MCU communication (local copy)
- Telescope controller
- Morse code interpreter, with speech synthesis
- Complex impedance analyzer
- uControl DVD macro-controller
- SD card MP3 player
- iPod controller
- USB Magnetic Mouse/Touchpad
- Polygraph (hacked-gadgets)
- Elevator Bank
- Pinball machine (MP4-15Mb)
- Guitar legend maker
- Braille reader
- Ultrasonic parking aid
- Retractable Alarm Clock (hackedgadgets)
- Autonomous Blimp (hackedgadgets)
- Automatic pet feeder
- Programmable medication scheduler
- CCD imager
- CalcParser
- Firefly synchronization
- Graphing calculator
- Speech recognition jukebox
- Speech recognition chess
- Sound Source Triangulation Game
- Touch Screen Controlled R/C Car
- AppleII emulator
- HDD analog clock with LCD touchscreen
- CUAUV Voltage Sniffer
- CUsat diagnostic board
- SearchBot (mpeg)
- RoboSweeper (mpeg, another mpeg)
- CoolerBot
- MCU/FPGA color video Game Platform (mpeg)
- Higher resolution color TV
- Color TV using two MCUs
- Musical Water Fountain (mpeg) (avi 20 Mbytes with sound)
- Two-TV video air Hockey (mpeg)
- Karaoke machine
- Dual control R/C car
- Guitar Synthesizer
- Self-powered solar data logger (Circuit Cellar magazine, issue #198, Jan 2007, page 12 , toc)
- Lighting control system
- Intelligent multimedia
- ADPCM voice recorder
- Reflow oven controller (Circuit Cellar magazine, issue #199, Feb 2007, page 46 )
- Ultrasonic spotlight tracker
- Galvanic skin response meter
- RFID security system (AVR design contest 2006) (Circuit Cellar magazine, issue #199, Feb 2007, page 24)(hackedgadgets)
- Autonomous Helicopter (mpeg) (AVR design Contest 2006 ) (hackedgadgets)
- Voice recognition car
- Speech recognition security system
- Morse code transmit and receive
- Secure LED
- SwingBot (mpeg)
- SwingBot (mpeg)
- Barcode scanner
- Soccermania video game
- Capacitance sensor MIDI keyboard
- Grillzilla wireless meat thermometer
- Para-para-revolution video game (mpeg)
- SnakeArm ultrasonic positioning control
- Sign language coach (mpeg)
- Radial ChalkBot
- Bicycle computer
- Handwriting Recognition System
- GPS World
- Video puzzle
- Chess Robot
- kaOS operating system and loader (Circuit Cellar Magazine, Issue #193 Aug 2006 page 56) (AVR design contest 2006)
- Keyboard mania (mpeg 19 Mbyte)
- Super Breakout video game (mpeg 1.9 Mbytes)
- Jezzball video game
- Duckhunt video game (mpeg 2.4 Mbytes)
- The Contender video game (mpeg 4.5 Mbytes)
- Big Red Juice Mixer (Slashdot article Monday, May 2, 2005)
- Color Tetris video game
- LightRover - light sensing robot
- PPP-Palm
- WeatherDog
- Virtual Pool (wmv 900 Kbytes) (Circuit Cellar Magazine, Issue #184 November 2005 )
- AirMouse (Circuit Cellar Magazine, Issue #191 June 2006, article)
- SharpShooter video game
- Neural net robot
- Wireless Electromyograph
- Stepper Motor Indexer & Decoder
- Turbidity meter
- Human Motion Capture
- Accelerometer Mouse
- Wireless Telemetry (avi 6 Mbytes) (HackADay Feb 16, 2006)
- Portable Security System
- Blood Pressure Monitor
- Missle Command video game
- Super Breakout video game (some images broken)
- Breathalyser door lock
- Programmable IR receiver and Connect-4 game
- MIDI drum controller
- Vocal Tuner
- RoboDog
- PC temperature control
- Dungeons of Doom video game
- Dual control RC car
- Solar Tracker
- GPS/inertial guidance
- Digger video game
- Gauntlet of uComputation
- CubeSat Diagnostics board
- Digital voice recorder
- ISREVER (Reversi) video game
- Frequency Division Multiplexing for a Multi-Sensor Wireless Telemetry System
- Shooting star video game
- Electronic Dartboard
- Kasubana electronic flower
- Bar Inventory System
- Voting Machine
- EyeSnake video game
- Digital Guitar tuner
- Automated Juice Mixer
- Mega32 webserver (code)
- Digital Stethoscope (Mpeg of display)
- Graduate from Cornell video game
- Flat Bed Scanner
- Non-orthogonal Plotter (mpeg)
- Mouse Painter
- Paint with mouse input
- Radio Controlled outlet strip
- Autonomous navigating robot (mpeg)
- Nova Strike video game
- Digital Compass
- MiniGolf video game with putter
- MiniGolf video game (mpeg)
- Programmable remote control
- Electr-O-Sketch (slashdot article) (Forbes article, follow the Custom Gadgets You Can't Buy link)
- Pong2
- Ultrasonic Rangefinder
- Mega32 Basic
- Music Synthesizer with Interactive TV Display
- Laser Morse code tutor
- Pump It Up audio game
- Guitar Tuner
- Beverage Monitor (slashdot article)
- MP3 radio
- Smart blinds
- Keypaw
- Home Security System
- Bar Code Scanner
- Implementation of a (31, 16) BCH code on a Microcontroller
- Ball Fight Video Game
- Breath Alcohol Tester
- WinAmp controller
- WinAmp Controller
- Eye-in-the-sky (mpeg of camera head)
- Xylophone
- Scorched Earth video game
- WonderSwan Development Cartridge
- Star Duel video game
- Big Red Map (Mpeg of engineering quad)
- Missle Command video game
- 3D gForce mouse
- Stationary Helicopter (mpeg)
- Remote control car
- Weather Station
- BlindBot
- Infrared Tracking System
- Inverted Pendulum Balancer
- Variable Traffic Controller
- MazeRunner Video Game
- 6502 Emulation on an Atmel Mega32
- Electronic Virtual Animal
- Arkanoid Video Game
- Cantneroid Video Game
- Digi-Level
- Reversi Video Game
- Guitar Special Effects
- Tap the Dance
- Graphing Calculator
- Dartboard with Video
- Memory Video Game
- Treasure of the High Seas Video Game
- PacMan Video Game
- SpaceInvaders Video Game
- Space Fighter Video Game
- Frogger Video Game
- MIDI synthesizer
- Radio Control Car
- Sound Effects Processor
- Battleship Video Game
- Wireless Keyboard
- DuckHunter Video Game
- MineSweeper Video Game
- Vehicle Performance Meter
- Digital Preamplifier
- Tetris Video Game
- Hockey Video Game
- Gray-scale Graphics: Dueling Ships
- Connect-4 Video Game
- Laser Light Show
- Wireless Drawing Device
- Laser Communications System
- TouchPad Drawing Board
- IntelliBot
- Sheet Music Generator
- TCP/IP
- Multi-Zone Fire Alarm System
- Scanning Tunneling Microscope
- Tic-Tac-Toe on TV
- Snake on TV
- Hard drive AVR programmer
- Audio Frequency Response Analyzer
- Line following autonomous car
- Safety-sensor vehicle
- MP3 Player
- MP3 Player
- Simon
- GPS AmeriMap
- Home security system
- Voice Activated Alarm Clock
- Russianbloc on LCD
- Pong on LCD
- Pong on oscilloscope
- Music Synthesizer
- Club Light Controller
- Blackjack2go
- Blackjack
- Globe
- Accelerometer Gmouse
- Postage meter
- Digital Hourglass
- Cornopoly on LCD
- Phone Dialer
- Laser Tag
- Robot Cricket
- WindCaddy
- Hovercraft
- Sound targeting
- Nintendo 64 to PS/2 Mouse
- Golf
- Fish: Video Controller
- PBX (Private Branch Exchange)
- Vertical Plotter
- X-Y Plotter
- Fertilizer Feedrate Controller
- Home Audio Control System
- SuperTrain Controller
- Digital Mirror Message Machine
- MP3 CD SuperJukebox
- Pre-emptive Operating System
- Wireless Internet Pager
- Wireless message Communicator
- Robot Arm
- Tilt Maze
- Ultra-Sonic Parking Assistant
- Cooking Coach
- BiLines
- gEECShip
- Graphing Calculator
- Web-based AVR Interface
- Midi Sequencer
- ECG monitoring system
- Autonomous Tank
- ZIP drive/Digital Camera
- Digital Message Machine
- Web-Monitored Thermostat
- Analog modem
- Robot Arm
- Security Entrance System
- Radio-controlled Truck
- Temperature Datalogger
- MP3 player
- Pong
- Snake 476
- Ultimate Alarm Clock
- Beat Tracking Strobe
- Guitar Special effects: The Shredder
- Drum machine and Sequencer
- Digital Thermometer
- Digital Oscilloscope
- Arbitrary Waveform Generator
- 8-Trak Sampler
- Serial-port game board
- Secure RSA Credit Card Transaction System
- Mini Area Network
- Autonomous Robotic Cricket
- Zen Touchpad
- Porche 911 Radio Controlled Car
- Autonomous Vehicle
- Spectrum Analyser
- Real-Time Guitar Tuner
- Whack-a-Cap
- CU Organizer
- Malay Language Learning kit
- Fixed point scientific calculator
- Etch-a-Sketch
- Real-time debugger
- VT100 Pong
- Home Security System
- Infrared Universal Remote Control
- Car Alarm System
- Hangman
- Simon
- Simon
- Answering Machine
- Thermostat
- BlackJack
- Blackjack
- Lego Vehicle
- RC car controller
- Sinewave Synthesizer
- Temperature and Pressure Control
- Video Frame Buffer
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